Glass has been widely used in modern times and has always been a product with a large market demand. By using specific treatment methods, we can make full use of the characteristics of the glass, and can make up for its defects, no longer subject to the natural properties of the glass. For example, laminated glass can not only be insulated, but also the debris will not splash and hurt people, safe and reliable. Next, we will introduce the production methods of glassware commonly used in laboratories, and explain the types of chemical glassware.
First, the type of chemical glassware
Burner is a glass instrument that can be used to heat chemical substances. The material is generally strict. It should be made of hard material 95 or GG-17 high silicon boron glass. It is characterized by thin and uniform, and it is resistant to quenching and heat.
Burners generally refer to beakers, conical (triangle) flasks, three (single, two, four) round bottom flasks, flat bottom flasks, test tubes, condensers (spherical, serpentine, straight, air, etc.), distillation heads, Fractionation head, fractionation column, rectification column.
The measuring device is a glass product with a precise scale and used for capacity measurement. The material can be made of 75 materials, and its quality evaluation standard is measurement accuracy and measurement accuracy.
Measuring instruments generally refer to measuring barrels, measuring cups, burettes (acid, alkali), pipettes (or graduated straws), volumetric flasks, thermometers, hydrometers, sugar meters, hygrometers, etc.
The container is made of glass containing chemical substances. Generally, the material is thicker. Strictly speaking, the material selection should also be based on soft sodium-base chemical glass frit. However, most manufacturers currently use ordinary glass. The characteristic is that the wall is thicker. The container generally refers to various fine mouth bottles, jars, lower mouth bottles, drop bottles and various glass tanks.
In addition, there are various funnels (spherical, pear, drip, triangle, etc.), petri dishes, dryers, drying towers, drying tubes, gas bottles, weighing bottles (boxes), mortars, glass tubes, sand Core filter, etc.
There are also a small number of optical glass and quartz glass instruments such as colorimeter, colorimetric tube, magnifying lens, microscope head.
The specification of glass instruments is mainly based on volume and length. The same kind of instruments are very thin from small to large. However, due to the level of laboratory use, the volume is between 1ml and 10000ml, and the length is generally between 5cm and 10000cm. The division of specifications and models adopts the principle of halving.
Second, the production methods of glassware commonly used in laboratories
1 raw material pre-processing. The bulk material (quartz sand, soda ash, limestone, feldspar, etc.) is pulverized to dry the wet raw material, and the iron-containing raw material is subjected to iron removal treatment to ensure the quality of the glass.
2 batch preparation.
3 melting. The glass batch material is heated at a high temperature (1550~1600 degrees) in a pool kiln or a pool furnace to form a liquid glass which is uniform, free of bubbles and meets the molding requirements.
4 molding. The liquid glass is placed in a mold to form a glass product of a desired shape, such as a flat plate, various utensils, and the like.
5 heat treatment. Through the processes of annealing, quenching, etc., the stress, phase separation or crystallization inside the glass is eliminated or generated, and the structural state of the glass is changed.
